Other viewpoints are given their place, and there is plenty of variety for the individual taste.Īnd generous persons who saw and pointed out the Now that the tide seems to be ebbing somewhat, the reader looking for alternatives need not feel left out. It recognizes transformationalism as the parformalism in linguistics that has channeled discussion Not transformationalist, but ticular species of Its attitude toward theory is necessary to give a fuller treatment to schools and theories. Its attitude toward usage is not puristic, but it sees purism as one of the inevitable forces that maintain stability. It tries to speak for an enlightened traditionalism. The chapter on style will not replace a handbook on composition, but it will show the connection between talking about language and making it work for us. These issues now rival those of language conflict in emerging nations, and they get their stint, if not their due, in the chapters "Mind in the Grip of Language" and "Language and the Public Interest." Finally, though linguistics is relevant to daily life in a thousand ways, there had to be a chapter on the practical application that affects virtually everyone: effective expression. Language on new dimensions with the public concern over Black English, Chicano, and other forms of minority speech, and with sexism in language. The tremendous expansion of linguistics and the attention it has been getting from the general public have made it There has been great discussion and controversy about such new ideas as underlying form, collocation, and higher sentences, which accordingly demanded their place. Morphology ("Sounds and Words"), lexicon, and syntax deserved chapters to themselves. The rest of the rewriting and reorganizing has hardly been less extensive.
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To keep abreast of the times (or, rather, not to lag behind them any farther than one could help), it was necessary to add the chapter on psychology and language learning, the one on origins, and the substantial new portions of the chapter on the social aspects of language. These two reorientations language as an evolving capacity within the and language as a means and product of social interaction account for many of the changes in the Second Edition. The more we know about how existing styles of speech from drawing room to ghetto mold us as speakers, the more we are forced to judge Responding subdiscipline of sociolinguistics has become the most active one might even say combative field within linguistics since the late Shaping the child's inner drive for verbal expression. That power is the social environment, with its expanding circles of family, playmates, school, and workaday associato There has to be a power that wakens them and later guides them. Mind, inborn capacities, latent tendencies are not enough. The other force is a counterpart to mentalism.
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The mentalistic reform has brought us the full-fledged subdiscipline of psycholinguistics, with applications as widely separated as experiments on artificial intelligence using computers, and the training of apes to communicate with humans. The two have borrowed terms and treatments ifīe used in analyzing the data, they were real Mere linguistic behavior came to be valued less for itself and more for what it revealed about inborn capacities, or the genetic equipment for language how it has evolved, how much of it is uniquely human, how it is manifested in the way children learn. Linguists in the were reluctant to go beyond observation and take scientific step: that of building theoretical models. ISBN: 0-15-503868-0 Library of Congress Catalog Cardġ960s it emancipated theory. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © 1968, 1975 by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.